Combination Therapy

ABSTRACT

Described herein are compounds and compositions for treating glaucoma and/or reducing intraocular pressure. Compositions may comprise an isoquinoline compound and a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog. Compounds described herein include those in which an isoquinoline compound is covalently linked to a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog, and those in which an isoquinoline compound and a prostaglandin free acid together form a salt.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/213,940, filed Mar. 14, 2014, and claims priority to U.S. ProvisionalApplication Ser. No. 61/787,883, filed Mar. 15, 2013, which areincorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

INTRODUCTION

A number of ocular conditions are caused by, or aggravated by, damage tothe optic nerve head, degeneration of ocular tissues, and/or elevatedintraocular pressure (IOP). For example, “glaucomas” are a group ofdebilitating eye diseases that are a leading cause of irreversibleblindness in the United States and other developed nations. There is acontinuing need for therapies that control elevated IOP to limitglaucomatous damage without undesirable side-effects.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the disclosure may provide a composition comprising:

-   -   a) a compound according to formula (I):

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen and C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ are taken together with thenitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7or 8 member atoms;

A is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂NH—, —CH(R₁₀)—,—C(CH₃)(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH(R₁₀)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH(R₁₀)—,and —C(CH₃)(R₁₀)CH₂—;

-   -   each R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of        alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or        heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;        and

X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro, cyano, carbonyl,carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, thioalkyl, andcarboxyl; and

-   -   b) a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a compound according toformula (II):

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl, any of which may be optionallysubstituted;

B is selected from the group consisting of —NR₁R₂, —CH₂NR₁R₂,—CH(R₁₀)R₂, —CCH₃(R₁₀) R₂, —NHCH(R₁₀)R₂, —N(CH₃)R₂, —CH₂CH₂R₂,—CH(R₁₀)CH₂R₂, and —CH₂CH(R₁₀)R₂;

R₁, R₂ and R₁₀ are each independently selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionallysubstituted;

X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro, cyano, carbonyl,carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, thioalkyl, andcarboxyl; and

PG is the acyl radical of a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a compound of formula(III):

-   -   wherein:

R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen and C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ are taken together with thenitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7or 8 member atoms;

A is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂NH—, —CH(R₁₀)—,—C(CH₃)(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH(R₁₀)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH(R₁₀)—,and —C(CH₃)(R₁₀)CH₂—;

-   -   each R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of        alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or        heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;

X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro, cyano, carbonyl,carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, thioalkyl, andcarboxyl; and

PG ⊖ is a deprotonated free acid of a prostaglandin or a prostaglandinanalog.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a composition comprising:

-   -   a) (racy-2-(di        methylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide        hydrochloride; and    -   b) a prostaglandin selected from the group consisting of        latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102,        cloprostenol, latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) and        fluprostenol.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a composition comprising:

-   -   a)        (R)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide        hydrochloride; and    -   b) a prostaglandin selected from the group consisting of        latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102,        cloprostenol, latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) and        fluprostenol.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a composition comprising:

-   -   a)        (S)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide        hydrochloride; and    -   b) a prostaglandin selected from the group consisting of        latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102,        cloprostenol, latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) and        fluprostenol.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a composition comprising:

-   -   a) (rac)-4-(3-amino-1-(i        soquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl        2,4-dimethylbenzoate dimesylate; and    -   b) a prostaglandin selected from the group consisting of        latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102,        cloprostenol, latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) and        fluprostenol.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a composition comprising:

-   -   a)        (R)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl        2,4-dimethylbenzoate dimesylate; and    -   b) a prostaglandin selected from the group consisting of        latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102,        cloprostenol, latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α), and        fluprostenol.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a composition comprising:

-   -   a)        (S)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl        2,4-dimethylbenzoate dimesylate; and    -   b) a prostaglandin selected from the group consisting of        latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102,        cloprostenol, latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) and        fluprostenol.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a method of treating anocular disorder in a subject in need of treatment, comprisingadministering to the subject a compound or composition described herein.In some embodiments, the ocular disorder is glaucoma.

In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a method of reducingintraocular pressure in a subject in need thereof, comprising topicallyadministering to an eye of the subject a a compound or compositiondescribed herein.

Other aspects and embodiments of the disclosure will become apparent inlight of the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a graph showing intraocular pressure following administrationof compositions described in Example 4.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing intraocular pressure following administrationof compositions described in Example 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Compositions that include an isoquinoline compound (e.g., a compound offormula (I)) and a prostaglandin or prostaglandin analog (e.g.,latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102, cloprostenol,latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) or fluprostenol) aredescribed herein. Also described herein are compounds of formula (II),which include an isoquinoline compound that is covalently linked to aprostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog, and compounds of formula (III),which are salts of an isoquinoline compound and a free acid of aprostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog. Such compounds and compositionsmay be effective for treating ocular disorders such as glaucoma, forexample, by lowering intraocular pressure.

Before any embodiments of the disclosure are detailed, it is to beunderstood that the present disclosure is not limited in its applicationto the details of construction and the arrangement of components setforth in the following description or illustrated in the followingdrawings. The disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of beingpracticed or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to beunderstood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for thepurpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The useof “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof hereinis meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalentsthereof as well as additional items.

Definitions

Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms aredescribed in more detail below. For purposes of this disclosure, thechemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Tableof the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75^(th)Ed., inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally definedas described therein. Additionally, general principles of organicchemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, aredescribed in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University ScienceBooks, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March March's Advanced OrganicChemistry, 5^(th) Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2001;Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., NewYork, 1989; Carruthers, Some Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3^(rd)Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987; the entirecontents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.

“Acyl” or “carbonyl” refers to the group —C(O)R wherein R is selectedfrom the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl,cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heteroarylalkyl and heterocyclylalkyl, any of which may be optionallysubstituted, e.g., with one or more substituents. For example, when R isalkyl, such a group may be referred to as an alkylcarbonyl group.

“Administering” as used herein refers to administration of the compoundsas needed to achieve a desired effect.

“Alkoxy” refers to the group —O—R wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, any of which may be optionally substituted,e.g., with one or more substituents.

“Alkyl” refers to a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon chain, which may bestraight or branched. An alkyl group may have an indicated number ofcarbon atoms. For example, C₁-C₁₂ alkyl refers to an alkyl group havingfrom 1 to 12 (inclusive) carbon atoms. C₁-C₄ alkyl refers to an alkylgroup having 1, 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl,isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl. An alkyl group may beoptionally substituted, e.g., with one or more substituents.

“Alkylene” refers to a divalent alkyl group, e.g., —CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂—,—CH₂CH₂CH₂— or —CH₂CH(CH₃)CH₂—. An alkyl or alkylene may be optionallysubstituted, e.g., with one or more substituents.

“Alkenyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain having oneor more double bonds. An alkenyl group may have an indicated number ofcarbon atoms. For example, C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl refers to an alkenyl grouphaving from 2 to 12 (inclusive) carbon atoms. C₂-C₄ alkenyl refers to analkenyl group having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkenyl groupsinclude, but are not limited to, allyl, propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-hexenyland 3-octenyl groups. One of the double bond carbons may optionally bethe point of attachment of the alkenyl substituent. The term“alkenylene” refers to a divalent alkenyl, e.g., —CH═CH—, —CH═CH₂CH₂— or—CH═C═CH—. An alkenyl or alkenylene may be optionally substituted, e.g.,with one or more substituents.

The term “alkynyl” refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chainhaving one or more triple bonds. An alkynyl group may have an indicatednumber of carbon atoms. For example, C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl refers to an alkynylgroup having from 2 to 12 (inclusive) carbon atoms. C₂-C₄ alkynyl refersto an alkynyl group having 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkynylgroups include, but are not limited to, ethynyl, propargyl, and3-hexynyl. One of the triple bond carbons may optionally be the point ofattachment of the alkynyl substituent. The term “alkynylene” refers to adivalent alkynyl, e.g., —C≡C— or —C≡C—CH₂—. An alkynyl or alkynylene maybe optionally substituted, e.g., with one or more substituents.

“Amino” refers to the group —NR′R″ wherein R′ and R″ are eachindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl,cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and heterocyclylalkyl, or R′ and R″,together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form a ring.Examples of amino groups include, but are not limited to, —NH₂,alkylamino groups such as —NHCH₃, —NHCH₂CH₃ and —NHCH(CH₃)₂,dialkylamino groups such as —N(CH₃)₂ and —N(CH₂CH₃)₂, and arylaminogroups such as —NHPh. Examples of cyclic amino groups include, but arenot limited to, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidino,piperazinyl, perhydrodiazepinyl, morpholino, and thiomorpholino. Thegroups R′ and R″ may be optionally substituted, e.g., with one or moresubstituents, or when R′ and R″ together with the nitrogen to which theyare attached form a ring, the ring may be optionally substituted, e.g.,with one or more substituents.

“AR-102” refers to the compound3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-(R)-3-(benzo[b]-thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentypheptanoate.“AR-102 free acid” refers to the compound7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-(R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)heptanoicacid.

“Aryl” refers to an aromatic monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclichydrocarbon ring system, wherein any ring atom capable of substitutioncan be substituted (e.g., with one or more substituents). Thesubstituents may be positioned at various locations on an aryl group.For example, substituents on a phenyl group may be located at anortho-position, a meta-position, the para-position, or combinationsthereof. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to,phenyl, naphthyl, and anthracenyl.

“Arylalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which an alkyl hydrogen atom isreplaced with an aryl group. Arylalkyl includes groups in which morethan one hydrogen atom has been replaced with an aryl group. Examples ofarylalkyl groups include but are not limited to benzyl, 2-phenylethyl,3-phenyipropyl, 9-fluorenyl, benzhydryl, and trityl groups. Arylalkylgroups can be optionally substituted, e.g., with one or moresubstituents on either the alkyl portion or the aryl portion of thearylalkyl group.

“Aryloxy” refers to the group —O—R wherein R is aryl or heteroaryl,either of which may be optionally substituted, e.g., with one or moresubstituents.

“Buffer” or “buffer system” refers to a compound or combination ofcompounds that provide a buffering system in solution that exhibitsbuffering capacity, that is, the capacity to neutralize, within limits,either acids or bases with relatively little or no change in theoriginal pH. The term “buffering capacity” is defined to mean themillimoles (mM) of strong acid or base (or respectively, hydrogen orhydroxide ions) required to change the pH by one unit when added to oneliter (a standard unit) of the buffer solution. The buffer capacity willdepend on the type and concentration of the buffer components.

“Carboxyl” refers to the group —C(═O)OR, wherein R is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyland heterocyclylalkyl any of which may be optionally substituted, e.g.,with one or more substituents.

“Carbonylamino” or “amido” refers to the group —C(O)NR′R″ wherein R′ andR″ are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen,alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl,arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and heterocyclylalkyl, or R′and R″ together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, may form aring. The groups R′ and R″ may be optionally substituted, e.g., with oneor more substituents, or when R′ and R″ together with the nitrogen towhich they are attached form a ring, the ring may be optionallysubstituted, e.g., with one or more substituents.

“Cycloalkyl” refers to nonaromatic, saturated or partially unsaturatedmonocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon groups.Cycloalkyl groups may include about 3 to about 12 carbon atoms. Forexample, monocyclic cycloalkyl groups may include 3 to 10 carbon atoms,e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms. Bicyclic carbocyclic groupscontain 8 to 12 carbon atoms, e.g., 9 or 10 carbon atoms. Any ring atomcan be substituted (e.g., with one or more substituents). Cycloalkylgroups include fused, spiro, and bridged bicyclic ring systems. Examplesof cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl,cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl,methylcyclohexyl, adamantyl, norbornyl and norbornenyl.

“Cycloalkylalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl group substitutedwith a cycloalkyl group.

“Excipient” refers to physiologically compatible additives useful inpreparation of a pharmaceutical composition. Examples ofpharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients can, for example, befound in Remington Pharmaceutical Science, 16^(th) Ed.

“Haloalkyl” as used herein refers to an alkyl group in which one or morehydrogen atoms are replaced with a halogen, and includes alkyl moietiesin which all hydrogens have been replaced with halogens (e.g.,perfluoroalkyl such as CF₃).

“Halogen” or “halo” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo moieties.

“Heteroalkyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, wherein atleast one carbon atom of the alkyl group is replaced with a heteroatom.Suitable heteroalkyl groups include, but are not limited to,methoxymethyl (—CH₂—O—CH₃).

“Heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic” refers to an aromatic monocyclic,bicyclic or tricyclic ring having one or more heteroatoms. For example aheteroaryl group may be an aromatic 5-8 membered monocyclic ring having1-4 heteroatoms, an 8-12 membered bicyclic ring having 1-6 heteroatoms,or an 11-14 membered tricyclic ring system having 1-9 heteroatoms.Heteroaryl groups can contain fused rings, which are rings that shareone or more common atoms. Any ring atom capable of substitution can besubstituted (e.g., with one or more substituents). Examples ofheteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, tetrazoylyl,triazolyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, purinyl, pyrimidyl,pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl,oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, furanyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl,quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, indazolyl,benzimidazolyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl,phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl andnaphthyridinyl.

The term “heteroarylalkyl”, as used herein, refers to an alkyl groupsubstituted with a heteroaryl group.

“Heteroatom” refers to an atom other than carbon in the ring of aheterocyclic group or a heteroaromatic group or the chain of aheteroalkyl group. For example, heteroatoms may be selected from thegroup consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorus and sulfur.Particularly suitable heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.Groups containing more than one heteroatom may contain differentheteroatoms.

“Heterocyclyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a nonaromatic, saturatedor partially unsaturated hydrocarbon ring system containing at least oneheteroatom. Heterocyclyl groups may include about 3 to about 12 memberatoms. For example, monocyclic cycloalkyl groups may include 3 to 10member atoms, e.g., 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 member atoms. Bicycliccarbocyclic groups contain 8 to 12 member atoms, e.g., 9 or 10 memberatoms. Any ring atom capable of substitution can be substituted (e.g.,with one or more substituents). Heterocyclyl groups include fused,spiro, and bridged bicyclic ring systems. Examples of heterocyclylgroups include, but are not limited to, epoxy, tetrahydrofuranyl,homopiperidinyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl,piperazinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl,indolinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyran, thianthrene, pyran,benzopyran, xanthene, phenoxathiin, phenothiazinyl, furazanyl, lactones,lactams such as azetidinones and pyrrolidinones, sultams, sultones, andthe like.

The term “heterocyclylalkyl” or “heterocycloalkylalkyl”, as used herein,refers to an alkyl group substituted with a heterocyclyl group.

“Hydroxy” or “hydroxyl” refers to the group —OH.

“Linker” means a chain of n member atoms where n is an integer from 1 to4.

“Member atom” means a carbon, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom. Memberatoms may be substituted up to their normal valence.

The term “mercapto” or “thiol” refers to an —SH radical. The term“thioalkoxy” or “thioether” refers to an —S-alkyl radical. The term“thioaryloxy” refers to an —S-aryl radical.

The term “ocular disorder” as used herein includes, but is not limitedto, glaucoma, allergy, cancers of the eye, neurodegenerative diseases ofthe eye, dry eye, and corneal epithelial damage. A “method of treatingan ocular disorder” may refer to a method of treating glaucoma, allergy,cancers of the eye, neurodegenerative diseases of the eye, dry eye, andcorneal epithelial damage, or may refer to a method of preservingretinal ganglion cells.

The term “oxo” refers to an oxygen atom, which forms a carbonyl whenattached to carbon, an N-oxide when attached to nitrogen, and asulfoxide or sulfone when attached to sulfur. The term “thioxo” refersto a sulfur atom, which forms a thiocarbonyl when attached to carbon.

“Phosphonate” refers to —P(O)(OR)₂, wherein each R is independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heteroarylalkyl and heterocyclylalkyl, each of which may be optionallysubstituted, e.g., with one or more substituents.

A “prostaglandin” refers to any compound having a prostanoic acidskeleton:

A “prostaglandin analog” refers to a compound that has the potential tobind to a prostaglandin receptor. Prostaglandin analogs includeprotected prostaglandins or prostaglandin prodrugs, e.g. prostaglandinswith esters or amides at the C1, C9, C11 and/or C15 positions.

“Prostaglandin free acid” refers to a prostaglandin or prostaglandinanalog that has a carboxylic acid moiety at the C1 position.

“Prostaglandin F analog,” “PGF analog” or “analog of PGF_(2α)” refers toa compound, generally structurally similar to naturally occurringPGF_(2α), which has the potential to bind to and activate aprostaglandin F-type receptor. F-type receptors include, but are notlimited to the FP receptor.

“Prostaglandin E analog,” “PGE analog,” “analog of PGE₂” or “analog ofPGE₁” refers to a compound, generally structurally similar to naturallyoccurring PGE₂ or PGE₁, which has the potential to bind to and activatea prostaglandin E-type receptor. E-type receptors include, but are notlimited to the EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4 receptors.

“Prostaglandin D analog,” “PGD analog” or “analog of PGD₂” refers to acompound, generally structurally similar to naturally occurring PGD₂,which has the potential to bind to and activate a prostaglandin D-typereceptor. D-type receptors include, but are not limited to the DP1 andDP2 receptors.

“Ring” means a collection of member atoms that are cyclic. Rings may becarbocyclic, aromatic, or heterocyclic or heteroaromatic, and may besubstituted or unsubstituted, and may be saturated or unsaturated. Ringjunctions with the main chain may be fused or spirocyclic. Rings may bemonocyclic or bicyclic. Rings contain at least 3 member atoms and atmost 12 member atoms. Monocyclic rings may contain 3 to 10 member atomsand bicyclic rings may contain from 8 to 12 member atoms. Bicyclic ringsthemselves may be fused or spirocyclic. Rings may be optionallysubstituted or unsubstituted, e.g., with one or more substituents.

“ROCKi” as used herein refers to an inhibitor of a Rho-associatedprotein kinase (ROCK).

“Substituent” refers to a group “substituted” on a group such as analkyl, alkylene, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl orheteroarylalkyl group, at any substitutable atom of that group. Suitablesubstituents include, without limitation: acyl, alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl,alkynyl, amino, aryl, arylalkyl, carbonylamino, carboxy, cycloalkyl,cycloalkylalkyl, cyano, halo, haloalkyl, heteroalkyl, heteroaryl,heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, hydroxy, nitro, oxo(e.g., C═O), phosphonate, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonamido,thioamido, thiol, thioalkyl, thioxo (e.g., C═S), and ureido. Inembodiments, substituents on a group are independently any one single,or any combination of the aforementioned substituents. In embodiments, asubstituent may itself be substituted with any one of the abovesubstituents.

The above substituents may be abbreviated herein, for example, theabbreviations Me, Et, Ph, Bn and Ac represent methyl, ethyl, phenyl,benzyl and acetyl respectively. A more comprehensive list of theabbreviations used by organic chemists of ordinary skill in the artappears in the first issue of each volume of the Journal of OrganicChemistry; this list is typically presented in a table entitled StandardList of Abbreviations. The abbreviations contained in said list, and allabbreviations used by organic chemists of ordinary skill in the art, arehereby incorporated by reference.

“Sulfinyl” refers to a —S(═O)R group, wherein R is selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyland heterocyclylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted (e.g.,with one or more substituents).

“Sulfonic acid” and “sulfonate” refer to —S(O)₂OH and —S(O)₂O⁻ groupsrespectively

“Sulfonyl” refers to a —S(O)₂R group, wherein R is selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyland heterocyclylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted (e.g.,with one or more substituents).

“Sulfonamido” refers to a —S(O)₂NR′R″ group wherein R′ and R″ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl,alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl,cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyl and heterocyclylalkyl, any of which maybe optionally substituted (e.g., with one or more substituents).

“Therapeutically effective amount” refers to a dosage of the compoundsor compositions effective for influencing, reducing or inhibiting theactivity of or preventing activation of a kinase. This term as usedherein may also refer to an amount effective at bringing about a desiredin vivo effect in an animal, preferably, a human, such as reduction inintraocular pressure.

“Thioalkyl” refers to the group —S-alkyl.

“Thioamido” refers to —C(S)NR′R″ wherein R′ and R″ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl,heteroarylalkyl and heterocyclylalkyl, or R′ and R″, together with thenitrogen to which they are attached, may form a ring. The groups R′ andR″ may be optionally substituted, e.g., with one or more substituents,or when R′ and R″ together with the nitrogen to which they are attachedform a ring, the ring may be optionally substituted, e.g., with one ormore substituents.

“Treat” or “treating” as used herein refers to administering a regimento the subject, e.g., the administration a compound or compositiondescribed herein, such that the disorder or at least one symptom of thedisorder is healed, alleviated, relieved, altered, remedied,ameliorated, and/or improved. Treating includes administering an amounteffective to alleviate, relieve, alter, remedy, ameliorate, improveand/or affect the disorder or the symptoms of the disorder. Thetreatment may inhibit deterioration or worsening of a symptom of adisorder.

“Ureido” refers to —N(R)C(O)NR′R″, wherein each R, R′ and R″ isindependently selected from the group consisting selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkyl,heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heteroarylalkyland heterocyclylalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted (e.g.,with one or more substituents).

Where substituent groups are specified by their conventional chemicalformulae, written from left to right, they optionally encompasssubstituents resulting from writing the structure from right to left,e.g., —CH₂NH— optionally also recites —NHCH₂—. While certain lists ofsubstituent groups include a group shown in both orientations, it shouldbe expressly understood that any substituent group written in a certaindirection (e.g., left to right) also encompasses the same group in theother direction (e.g.,. right to left).

In accordance with a convention used in the art, the group:

is used in structural formulas herein to depict a bond that is the pointof attachment of the moiety or substituent to the core or backbonestructure.

For compounds described herein, groups and substituents thereof may beselected in accordance with permitted valence of the atoms and thesubstituents, such that the selections and substitutions result in astable compound, e.g., which does not spontaneously undergotransformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.

It specifically is understood that any numerical range recited hereinincludes all values from the lower value to the upper value. Forexample, if a concentration range is stated as 1% to 50%, it is intendedthat values such as 2% to 40%, 10% to 30%, or 1% to 3%, etc., areexpressly enumerated in this specification. These are only examples ofwhat is specifically intended, and all possible combinations ofnumerical values between and including the lowest value and the highestvalue enumerated are to be considered to be expressly stated in thisapplication.

All percentages, ratios, and proportions used herein are percent byweight per volume (% wt/vol or w/v) unless otherwise specified.

Compounds

Compounds that may be used in compositions described herein includeisoquinoline compounds. Such compounds and the compositions includingthem may have kinase inhibitory activity and thus may be useful ininfluencing or inhibiting the action of kinases, and in treatment and/orprevention of diseases or conditions influenced by kinases. Exemplarykinases that may be influenced include, but are not limited to, ROCK-I,ROCK-II, PKA, PKC, CAM Kinases, GRK-2, GRK-3, GRK-5 or GRK-6. Forexample, the kinase inhibited may be a Rho-associated protein kinase(ROCK).

Isoquinoline compounds that may be used in compositions and methodsdescribed herein include compounds of formula (I):

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen and C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ are taken together with thenitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7or 8 member atoms;

A is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂NH—, —CH(R₁₀)—,—C(CH₃)(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH(R₁₀)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH(R₁₀)—,and —C(CH₃)(R₁₀)CH₂—;

-   -   each R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of        alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or        heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;        and

X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro, cyano, carbonyl,carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, thioalkyl, andcarboxyl.

In some embodiments of formula (I), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, R₁ isalkyl (e.g., methyl), R₂ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), A is —CH(R₁₀)—, andR₁₀ is aryl (e.g., phenyl).

In some embodiments of formula (I), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, R₁and R₂ together form a heterocyclyl ring, A is —CH(R₁₀)—, and R₁₀ isalkyl.

In some embodiments of formula (I), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, R₁ is alkyl(e.g., methyl), and R₂ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), A is —CH(R₁₀)—, and R₁₀is heteroaryl (e.g., thienyl).

In some embodiments of formula (I), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, R₁ ishydrogen, and R₂ is hydrogen, A is —CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, and R₁₀ is asubstituted aryl group.

In some embodiments of formula (I), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, R₁ isalkyl (e.g., methyl), R₂ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), A is —CH(R₁₀)—, andR₁₀ is heteroaryl (e.g., thienyl).

In some embodiments of formula (I), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, R₁ is alkyl(e.g., methyl), and R₂ is hydrogen, A is —CH(R₁₀)—, and R₁₀ isheteroaryl (e.g., thienyl).

Isoquinoline compounds that may be used in compositions and methodsdescribed herein include compounds of formula (Ia) which is the same asits tautomeric form, also shown here for clarification purposes:

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:    -   R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting        of hydrogen and C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ are taken together        with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring        of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 member atoms; and

R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,amino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl, any of which maybe optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, R₁₀ is aryl (e.g., phenyl). In some embodiments,R₁₀ is heteroaryl (e.g., thienyl). In some embodiments, R₁ and R₂ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl,or R₁ and R₂ are taken together with the nitrogen to which they areattached to form a heterocyclyl ring (e.g., pyrrolidone or piperidine).

Isoquinoline compounds that may be used in compositions and methodsdescribed herein include compounds of formula (Ib):

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen and C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ are taken together with thenitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7or 8 member atoms; and

R₁₀ is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,amino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl, any of which maybe optionally substituted.

In some embodiments, R₁₀ is aryl (e.g., phenyl). In some embodiments,R₁₀ is aryl (e.g., phenyl) substituted with —CH₂—OC(O)—R^(a), whereinR^(a) is optionally substituted aryl (e.g., phenyl, e.g.,2,4-dimethylphenyl). In some embodiments, R₁ and R₂ are independentlyselected from the group consisting of hydrogen and methyl, or R₁ and R₂are taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached to forma heterocyclyl ring (e.g., pyrrolidone or piperidine).

In embodiments, the compound of formula (I) may be selected from thegroup consisting of:

-   -   (rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxylsoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide;    -   (R)-2-(di methyl        amino)-N-(1-hydroxylsoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide;    -   (S)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxylsoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide;    -   (rac)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1        -oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl 2,4-dimethylbenzoate;    -   (R)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl        2,4-dimethylbenzoate; and    -   (S)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl        2,4-dimethylbenzoate,    -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Compounds of formula (I) may be synthesized by methods known in the art.For example, compounds may be synthesized using methods described inU.S. Patent Publication No. 2009/0186917, which is hereby incorporatedby reference in its entirety.

Also disclosed herein are compounds in which an isoquinoline compound iscovalently linked to a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog. Suchcompounds include compounds of formula (II):

-   -   or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

Y is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl, and heterocyclyl, any of which may be optionallysubstituted;

B is selected from the group consisting of —NR₁R₂, —CH₂NR₁R₂,—CH(R₁₀)R₂, —CCH₃(R₁₀) R₂, —NHCH(R₁₀)R₂, —N(CH₃)R₂, —CH₂CH₂R₂,—CH(R₁₀)CH₂R₂, and —CH₂CH(R₁₀)R₂;

R₁, R₂ and R₁₀ are each independently selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionallysubstituted;

X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro, cyano, carbonyl,carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, thioalkyl, andcarboxyl; and

PG is the acyl radical of a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog.

An “acyl radical of a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog” refers toa prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog in which the C1 position hasthe group —C(O)—. For example, acyl radicals of latanoprost, bimatoprostand travoprost are illustrated below:

In some embodiments of formula (II), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, B is—CH₂NR₁R₂, R₁ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), R₂ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), andPG is the acyl radical of latanoprost.

In some embodiments of formula (II), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, B is—CH₂NR₁R₂, R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen, and PG is the acyl radical oflatanoprost.

In some embodiments of formula (II), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, B is—CH₂NR₁R₂, R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen, and PG is the acyl radical oflatanoprost.

In some embodiments of formula (II), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, B is—NR₁R₂, R₁ is hydrogen, R₂ is hydrogen, and PG is the acyl radical oftravoprost.

In some embodiments of formula (H), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, B is—NR₁R₂, is alkyl (e.g., methyl), R₂ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), and PG isthe acyl radical of latanoprost.

In some embodiments of formula (II),), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, B is—CH₂NR₁R₂, R₁ is hydrogen, R₂ is hydrogen, and PG is the acyl radical oftravoprost.

In some embodiments of formula (II), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, B is—CH₂NR₁R₂, is hydrogen, R₂ is hydrogen, and PG is the acyl radical ofbimatoprost.

In some embodiments of formula (II), PG is the acyl radical oflatanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102, cloprostenol,latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) or fluprostenol.

Compounds of formula (II) may be synthesized according a method similarto that shown below in Scheme 1, wherein each R is independently aprotecting group. One skilled in the art will appreciate that thestarting protected prostaglandin free acid and isoquinoline can beprepared using known methods; see, for example, Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis (T. Green and P. Wuts; 3rd Edition; John Wiley andSons, 1999). Step (a) may be conducted in a suitable solvent and in thepresence of a suitable coupling agent, such as a carbodiimide. Followingcoupling in step (a), the product may be deprotected in step (b) usingmethods particular to the protecting groups that were used. It will benoted that while Scheme 1 illustrates coupling of latanoprost free acidand a specific isoquinoline compound, one skilled in the art willappreciate that such a general synthesis scheme could be applied to anyprostaglandin free acid and isoquinoline compound bearing a suitablyreactive functional group such as a hydroxy group, amine group, or thelike. Specific syntheses including protecting and deprotecting steps areillustrated in the Examples.

Also disclosed herein are compounds in which an isoquinoline compoundand a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog together form a salt. Suchcompounds include compounds of formula (III):

The compounds that may be used in compositions and methods describedherein also include salts of isoquinoline compounds and prostaglandinfree acids. Such compounds include compounds of formula (III):

-   -   wherein:    -   R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consisting        of hydrogen and C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ are taken together        with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring        of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 member atoms;

A is selected from the group consisting of —CH₂NH—, —C(CH₃)(R₁₀)—,—CH₂CH₂—, —CH(R₁₀)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, and—C(CH₃)(R₁₀)CH₂—;

-   -   each R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of        alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or        heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionally substituted;

X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro, cyano, carbonyl,carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, thioalkyl, andcarboxyl; and

PG ⊖ is a deprotonated free acid of a prostaglandin or a prostaglandinanalog.

A “deprotonated free acid of a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog”refers to a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog in which the C1position has the group —C(O)O⁻. For example, deprotonated free acids oflatanoprost, bimatoprost and travoprost are illustrated below:

In some embodiments of formula (III), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, R₁is alkyl (e.g., methyl), R₂ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), A is —CH(R₁₀)—, andR₁₀ is aryl (e.g., phenyl).

In some embodiments of formula (III), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, R₁and R₂ together form a heterocyclyl ring, A is —CH(R₁₀)—, and R₁₀ isalkyl.

In some embodiments of formula (III), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, R₁ isalkyl (e.g., methyl), and R₂ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), A is —CH(R₁₀)—,and R₁₀ is heteroaryl (e.g., thienyl).

In some embodiments of formula (III), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, R₁ ishydrogen, and R₂ is hydrogen, A is —CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, and R₁₀ is asubstituted aryl group.

In some embodiments of formula (III), X₁ is hydrogen, X₂ is hydroxy, R₁is alkyl (e.g., methyl), R₂ is alkyl (e.g., methyl), A is —CH(R₁₀)—, andR₁₀ is heteroaryl (e.g., thienyl).

In some embodiments of formula (III), X₁ and X₂ are hydrogen, R₁ isalkyl (e.g., methyl), and R₂ is hydrogen, A is —CH(R₁₀)—, and R₁₀ isheteroaryl (e.g., thienyl).

In some embodiments of formula (III), PG ⊖ is a deprotonated free acidof latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102,cloprostenol, latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGE₁, PGF_(2α) orfluprostenol.

Compounds of formula (III) may be synthesized by combining aprostaglandin free acid and an isoquinoline compound, e.g., in asuitable solvent. The starting materials may be combined in anapproximately 1:1 ratio. The mixture may be heated to promotedissolution of the starting materials if necessary. The solvent can thenbe removed to provide the salt compound.

Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Analogs

Compositions described herein may include a prostaglandin or aprostaglandin analog.

In some embodiments, a prostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog maycomprise a compound of formula (IV):

-   -   or an optical isomer, diastereomer or enantiomer thereof,        wherein:    -   the dashed lines independently indicate the presence or absence        of a bond;

A and B are independently —(CR^(a)R^(b))_(n)—, wherein each R^(a) andR^(b) is independently hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl, and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or4;

R₁ is —C(O)OR^(c), —CONHR^(d), —C(O)NHOH, —CH₂OH, —S(O)₂R^(e) or—C(O)NHS(O)₂R^(f);

R₂ is hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl;

R₃, R⁴ and R⁵ are independently selected from hydrogen and an alcoholprotecting group;

Y is a bond, —O—, —S—, —S(O), —SO₂—, —C(R^(g))₂—, —CR^(h)═CR^(i)—, or—C═C—;

Z is hydrogen, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, aryl or heteroaryl;

R^(c) is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ heteroalkyl, aryl,heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl;

R^(d), R^(e) and R^(f) are independently selected from C₁-C₆ alkyl,heteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl;

R^(g), R^(h) and R^(i) are independently selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₆alkyl, alkoxy and hydroxy; and

R^(j) is hydrogen or C₁-C₆ alkyl.

Suitably, no carbon atom in a compound of formula (IV) has two or moreheteroatoms attached to it unless the two or more heteroatoms are memberatoms in a heteroaromatic ring system.

In formula (IV), the relative stereochemistry at C8, C9, and C12 is asspecified. That is, the bond between C7 and C8 is in the a orientation,the alcohol (protected or unprotected) at C9 is in the α orientation,and the bond between C12 and C13 is in the β orientation. The inventionalso includes optical isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers of theabove structure. At all stereocenters where stereochemistry is notdefined (e.g. C11 and C15), both epimers are envisioned. In someembodiments, stereochemistry at all such stereocenters of the inventionmimic that of naturally occurring PGF_(2a).

In some embodiments, Q1 is either H or an alcohol protecting group andQ2 and Q3 are alcohol protecting groups. In other embodiments, Q1, Q2,and Q3 are all alcohol protecting groups and may be different alcoholprotecting groups and may be the same alcohol protecting group.

Exemplary prostaglandins and prostaglandin analogs include latanoprost,bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102, cloprostenol,latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGE₁, PGF_(2α) and fluprostenol.

Other prostaglandins and related compounds suitable for use incompositions of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, thosefound in the following patents and patent applications, which areincorporated herein by reference.

1. 5-Thia-omega substituted phenyl-prostaglandin E derivatives, processfor producing the same and drugs containing the same as the activeingredient. WO 00/3980.

2. Aromatic C₁₆-C₂₀-substituted tetrahydro prostaglandins useful as FPagonists WO 99/12895; U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,173, Nov. 2, 1999.

3. Aromatic C16-C20-substituted tetrahydro prostaglandins useful as FPagonists WO 99/12898.

4. Aromatic C16-C20-substituted tetrahydro prostaglandins useful as FPagonists. WO 99/12896, U.S. Pat. No. 6,048,895 Apr. 11, 2000.

5. Prostaglandins of the F series U.S. Pat. No. 5,770,759. Jun. 23,1998.

6. EP2-receptor agonists as neuroprotective agents for the eye WO99/26629.

7. Prostaglandin derivatives for the treatment of glaucoma or ocularhypertension. U.S. Pat. No. 6,030,999, Feb. 29, 2000.

8. Cyclopentane heptan(ene)oic acid, 2-heteroarylalkenyl derivatives astherapeutic agents WO 99/25358; U.S. Pat. No. 6,037,364 Mar. 14, 2000.

9. Use of cloprostenol and tluprostenol analogues to treat glaucoma andocular hypertension U.S. Pat. No. 5,889,052, Mar. 30, 1999.

10. Cis-delta-4-analogs of prostaglandins as ocular hypotensives. WO98/21182; U.S. 5,994,397 Nov. 30, 1999.

11. Tetrahydrofuran analogs of prostaglandins as ocular hypotensives. WO98/57930; U.S. Pat. No. 6,025,392 Mar. 14, 2000.

12. Conformationally rigid aryl- or heteroaryl prostaglandins for use inglaucoma therapy. WO 98/21180.

13. Keto-substituted tetrahydrofuran analogs of prostaglandins as ocularhypotensives WO 98/57930.

14. 13-oxa prostaglandins for the treatment of glaucoma and ocularhypertension WO 99/32441.

15. 13-This prostaglandins for use in glaucoma therapy WO 98/39293.

16. 15-Ketal prostaglandins for the treatment of glaucoma or ocularhypertension WO 98/20881,

17. 9-Oxa prostaglandin analogs as ocular hypotensives. WO 98/57942.

18. 15-Fluoro prostaglandins as ocular hypotensives WO 98/21181.

19. 11-Halo prostaglandins for the treatment of glaucoma or ocularhypertension WO 98/20880.

20. Use of 9-deoxy prostaglandin derivatives to treat glaucoma WO96/10407.

21. Prostaglandin product WO 00/3736.

22. Substituted tetrahydrofuran analogs of prostaglandins as ocularhypotensives WO 97/23223.

23. EP2-receptor agonists as agents for lowering intraocular pressure WO95/19964.

24. Prostaglandin derivatives devoid of side-effects for the treatmentof glaucoma. WO 99/02165.

25. 8-Iso prostaglandins for glaucoma therapy WO 98/50024; U.S. Pat. No.6,037,368 Mar. 14, 2000.

26. Fluorinated prostaglandin derivatives and medicines WO 98/12175.

Isomers

Compounds described herein (e.g., compounds of formula (I), (Ia), (Ib),(II), (III) and (IV)) may exist in one or more particular geometric,optical, enantiomeric, diastereomeric, epimeric, atropic, stereoisomer,tautomeric, conformational, or anomeric forms, including but not limitedto, cis- and trans-forms; E- and Z-forms; c-, t-, and r-forms; endo- andexo-forms; R-, S-, and meso-forms; D- and L-forms; d- and l-forms; (+)and (−) forms; keto-, enol-, and enolate-forms; syn- and anti-forms;synclinal- and anticlinal-forms; a- and β-forms; axial and equatorialforms; boat-, chair-, twist-, envelope-, and half chair-forms; andcombinations thereof, hereinafter collectively referred to as “isomers”(or “isomeric forms”).

In one embodiment, a compound described herein may be anenantiomerically enriched isomer of a stereoisomer described herein. Forexample, the compound may have an enantiomeric excess of at least about10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%,80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%. Enantiomer, when used herein,refers to either of a pair of chemical compounds whose molecularstructures have a mirror-image relationship to each other.

In one embodiment, a preparation of a compound disclosed herein isenriched for an isomer of the compound having a selectedstereochemistry, e.g., R or S, corresponding to a selected stereocenter.For example, the compound has a purity corresponding to a compoundhaving a selected stereochemistry of a selected stereocenter of at leastabout 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%.

In one embodiment, a composition described herein includes a preparationof a compound disclosed herein that is enriched for a structure orstructures having a selected stereochemistry, e.g., R or S, at aselected stereocenter. Exemplary R/S configurations can be thoseprovided in an example described herein.

An “enriched preparation,” as used herein, is enriched for a selectedstereoconfiguration of one, two, three or more selected stereocenterswithin the subject compound. Exemplary selected stereocenters andexemplary stereoconfigurations thereof can be selected from thoseprovided herein, e.g., in an example described herein. By enriched ismeant at least 60%, e.g., of the molecules of compound in thepreparation have a selected stereochemistry of a selected stereocenter.In an embodiment it is at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%,97%, 98%, or 99%. Enriched refers to the level of a subject molecule(s)and does not connote a process limitation unless specified.

Compounds may be prepared in racemic form or as individual enantiomersor diastereomers by either stereospecific synthesis or by resolution.The compounds may, for example, be resolved into their componentenantiomers or diastereomers by standard techniques, such as theformation of stereoisomeric pairs by salt formation with an opticallyactive base, followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration ofthe free acid. The compounds may also be resolved by formation ofstereoisomeric esters or amides, followed by chromatographic separationand removal of the chiral auxiliary. Alternatively, the compounds may beresolved using a chiral HPLC column. The enantiomers also may beobtained from kinetic resolution of the racemate of corresponding estersusing lipase enzymes.

Except as discussed below for tautomeric forms, specifically excludedfrom the term “isomers,” as used herein, are structural (orconstitutional) isomers (i.e., isomers which differ in the connectionsbetween atoms rather than merely by the position of atoms in space). Forexample, a reference to a methoxy group, —OCH₃, is not to be construedas a reference to its structural isomer, a hydroxymethyl group, —CH₂OH.Similarly, a reference to ortho-chlorophenyl is not to be construed as areference to its structural isomer, meta-chlorophenyl. However, areference to a class of structures may well include structurallyisomeric forms falling within that class (e.g., C₃-alkyl or propylincludes n-propyl and iso-propyl; C₄-alkyl or butyl includes n-, iso-,sec-, and tert-butyl; methoxyphenyl includes ortho-, meta-, andpara-methoxyphenyl).

The above exclusion does not pertain to tautomeric forms, for example,keto-, enol-, and enolate-forms, as in, for example, the followingtautomeric pairs: keto/enol, imine/enamine, amide/imino alcohol,amidine/amidine, nitroso/oxime, thioketone/enethiol,N-nitroso/hydroxyazo, and nitro/aci-nitro.

Note that specifically included in the term “isomer” are compounds withone or more isotopic substitutions. For example, H may be in anyisotopic form, including ¹H, ²H (D), and ³H (T); C may be in anyisotopic form, including ¹²C, ¹³C, and ¹⁴C; O may be in any isotopicform, including ¹⁶O and ¹⁸O; and the like.

Salts

A compound described herein can be in the form of a salt, e.g., apharmaceutically acceptable salt. The term “pharmaceutically acceptablesalt” includes salts of the active compounds that are prepared withrelatively nontoxic acids or bases, depending on the particularsubstituents found on the compounds described herein. Neutral forms ofthe compounds may be regenerated by contacting the salt with a base oracid and isolating the parent compound in a conventional manner. Theparent form of the compound differs from the various salt forms incertain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, butotherwise the salts are equivalent to the parent form of the compoundfor the purposes of this disclosure. Examples of pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts are discussed in Berge et al, 1977, “PharmaceuticallyAcceptable Salts.” J. Pharm. Sci. Vol. 66, pp. 1-19.

For example, if the compound is anionic, or has a functional group whichmay be anionic (e.g., —COOH may be —COO⁻), then a salt may be formedwith a suitable cation. Examples of suitable inorganic cations include,but are not limited to, alkali metal ions such as Na⁺ and K⁺, alkalineearth cations such as Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and other cations. Examples ofsuitable organic cations include, but are not limited to, ammonium ion(i.e., NH₄ ⁺) and substituted ammonium ions (e.g., NH₃R₁ ⁺, NH₂R₂ ⁺,NHR₃ ⁴, NR₄ ⁺). Examples of some suitable substituted ammonium ions arethose derived from: ethylamine, diethylamine, dicyclohexylamine,triethylamine, butylamine, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine,diethanolamine, piperazine, benzylamine, phenylbenzylamine, choline,meglumine, and tromethamine, as well as amino acids, such as lysine andarginine.

If the compound is cationic, or has a functional group that may becationic (e.g., —NH₂ may be —NH₃ ⁺), then a salt may be formed with asuitable anion. Examples of suitable inorganic anions include, but arenot limited to, those derived from the following inorganic acids:hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, sulfuric, sulfurous, nitric,nitrous, phosphoric, and phosphorous.

Examples of suitable organic anions include, but are not limited to,those derived from the following organic acids: 2-acetyoxybenzoic,acetic, ascorbic, aspartic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, cinnamic, citric,edetic, ethanedisulfonic, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, glucoheptonic,gluconic, glutamic, glycolic, hydroxymaleic, hydroxynaphthalenecarboxylic, isethionic, lactic, lactobionic, lauric, maleic, malic,methanesulfonic, mucic, oleic, oxalic, palmitic, pamoic, pantothenic,phenylacetic, phenylsulfonic, propionic, pyruvic, salicylic, stearic,succinic, sulfanilic, tartaric, toluenesulfonic, and valeric. Examplesof suitable polymeric organic anions include, but are not limited to,those derived from the following polymeric acids: tannic acid,carboxymethyl cellulose.

Unless otherwise specified, a reference to a particular compound alsoincludes salt forms thereof.

Chemically Protected Forms

It may be convenient or desirable to prepare, purify, and/or handle anactive compound in a chemically protected form. The term “chemicallyprotected form” is used herein in the conventional chemical sense andpertains to a compound in which one or more reactive functional groupsare protected from undesirable chemical reactions under specifiedconditions (e.g., pH, temperature, radiation, solvent, and the like). Inpractice, well known chemical methods are employed to reversibly renderunreactive a functional group, which otherwise would be reactive, underspecified conditions. In a chemically protected form, one or morereactive functional groups are in the form of a protected or protectinggroup (also known as a masked or masking group or a blocked or blockinggroup). By protecting a reactive functional group, reactions involvingother unprotected reactive functional groups can be performed, withoutaffecting the protected group; the protecting group may be removed,usually in a subsequent step, without substantially affecting theremainder of the molecule. See, for example, Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis (T. Green and P. Wuts; 3rd Edition; John Wiley andSons, 1999). Unless otherwise specified, a reference to a particularcompound also includes chemically protected forms thereof.

A wide variety of such “protecting,” “blocking,” or “masking” methodsare widely used and well known in organic synthesis. For example, acompound which has two nonequivalent reactive functional groups, both ofwhich would be reactive under specified conditions, may be derivatizedto render one of the functional groups “protected,” and thereforeunreactive, under the specified conditions; so protected, the compoundmay be used as a reactant which has effectively only one reactivefunctional group. After the desired reaction (involving the otherfunctional group) is complete, the protected group may be “deprotected”to return it to its original functionality.

A hydroxy group may be protected as an ether (—OR) or an ester(—OC(O)R), for example, as: a t-butyl ether; a benzyl, benzhydryl(diphenylmethyl), or trityl (triphenylmethyl) ether; a trimethylsilyl ort-butyldimethylsilyl ether; or an acetyl ester (—OC(O)CH₃, —OAc).

An aldehyde or ketone group may be protected as an acetal (RCH(OR)₂) orketal (R₂C(OR)₂), respectively, in which the carbonyl group (R₂C═O) isconverted to a diether (R₂C(OR)₂), by reaction with, for example, aprimary alcohol. The aldehyde or ketone group is readily regenerated byhydrolysis using a large excess of water in the presence of acid.

An amine group may be protected, for example, as an amide (—NRC(O)R) ora urethane (—NRC(O)OR), for example, as: a methyl amide (—NHC(O)CH₃); abenzyloxy amide (—NHC(O)OCH₂C₆H₅, —NH—Cbz); as a t-butoxy amide(—NHC(O)OC(CH₃)₃, —NH-Boc); a 2-biphenyl-2-propoxy amide(—NHCO(O)C(CH₃)₂C₆H₄C₆H₅, —NH-Bpoc), as a 9-fluorenylmethoxy amide(—NH-Fmoc), as a 6-nitroveratryloxy amide (—NH-Nvoc), as a2-trimethylsilylethyloxy amide (—NH-Teoc), as a 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxyamide (—NH-Troc), as an allyloxy amide (—NH-Alloc), as a2(-phenylsulphonyl)ethyloxy amide (—NH-Psec); or, in suitable cases(e.g., cyclic amines), as a nitroxide radical (>N-0<<).

A carboxylic acid group may be protected as an ester, for example, as:an alkyl ester (e.g., a methyl ester; a t-butyl ester); a haloalkylester (e.g., a haloalkyl ester); a trialkylsilylalkyl ester; or anarylalkyl ester (e.g., a benzyl ester; a nitrobenzyl ester); or as anamide, for example, as a methyl amide.

A thiol group may be protected as a thioether (—SR), for example, as: abenzyl thioether; an acetamidomethyl ether (—S—CH₂NHC(O)CH₃)

Prodrugs and Other Modifications.

In addition to salt forms, the present invention may also providecompounds that are in a prodrug form. Prodrugs of the compoundsdescribed herein are those compounds that readily undergo chemicalchanges under physiological conditions to provide the compoundsdescribed herein. Prodrugs can be converted to the compounds of thepresent invention by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivoenvironment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to thecompounds of the present invention when placed in a transdermal patchreservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent.

A compound described herein can also be modified by appendingappropriate functionalities to enhance selective biological properties.Such modifications are known in the art and include those that increasebiological penetration into a given biological system (e.g., blood,lymphatic system, central nervous system), increase oral availability,increase solubility to allow administration by injection, altermetabolism, and/or alter rate of excretion. Examples of thesemodifications include, but are not limited to, esterification withpolyethylene glycols, derivatization with pivolates or fatty acidsubstituents, conversion to carbamates, hydroxylation of aromatic rings,and heteroatom substitution in aromatic rings.

Compositions

In one aspect, the disclosure provides a composition comprising acompound of formula (I) as described herein (e.g., a compound of formula(I), a compound of formula (Ia), or a compound of formula (Ib)), and aprostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog (e.g., a compound of formula(IV)). In another aspect, the disclosure may provide a compositioncomprising2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamidehydrochloride (e.g., the racemic compound or the (R) or (S) enantiomer),and a compound selected from the group consisting of latanoprost,bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102, cloprostenol,latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) and fluprostenol. In anotheraspect, the disclosure may provide a composition comprising4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl2,4-dimethylbenzoate (e.g., the racemic compound or the (R) or (S)enantiomer), and a compound selected from the group consisting oflatanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102, cloprostenol,latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) and fluprostenol. In anotheraspect, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a compound offormula (II) as described herein. In another aspect, the disclosureprovides a composition comprising a compound of formula (III) asdescribed herein.

Compositions of the present disclosure may comprise safe and effectiveamounts of the subject compounds. As used herein, “safe and effectiveamount” means an amount of a compound sufficient to significantly inducea positive modification in the condition to be treated, but low enoughto avoid serious side effects (at a reasonable benefit/risk ratio),within the scope of sound medical judgment. A safe and effective amountof a compound will vary with the particular condition being treated, theage and physical condition of the patient being treated, the severity ofthe condition, the duration of treatment, the nature of concurrenttherapy, the particular pharmaceutically-acceptable carrier utilized,and like factors within the knowledge and expertise of the attendingphysician.

In embodiments, a composition may include a compound of formula (I),(Ia), (Ib), (II) or (III) at an amount of about 0.001% to about 2.0%w/v, e.g., about 0.01% to about 1.0% w/v. In embodiments, a compound offormula (I), (Ia), (Ib), (II) or (III) may be included in a compositionat an amount of less than about 0.0025%, less than about 0.010%, lessthan about 0.015%, less than about 0.025%, less than about 0.05%, lessthan about 0.080%, less than about 0.10%, less than about 0.20%, lessthan about 0.40%, less than about 0.60%, less than about 0.80%, lessthan about 0.10%, less than about 0.5%, less than about 0.7%, less thanabout 1.0%, less than about 1.2%, less than about 1.4%, less than about1.5%, less than about 1.6%, less than about 1.8, less than about 2.0%,at least about 0.0025%, at least about 0.010%, at least about 0.015%, atleast about 0.020%, at least about 0.05%, at least about 0.075%, atleast about 0.10%, at least about 0.20%, at least about 0.40%, at leastabout 0.60%, at least about 0.80, at least about 1.0%, at least about1.2%, at least about 1.4%, at least about 1.6%, at least about 1.8%, atleast about 2.0, about 0.0025%, about 0.010%, about 0.015%, about 0.03%,about 0.05%, about 0.10%, about 0.20%, about 0.40%, about 0.60%, about0.80%, about 1.0%, about 1.2%, about 1.4%, about 1.6%, about 1.8%, orabout 2.0%.

In embodiments, a composition may include a prostaglandin or aprostaglandin analog (e.g., a compound of formula (IV), or latanoprost,bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102, cloprostenol,latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2α) or fluprostenol) at anamount of about 0.0001% to about 0.5% w/v, e.g., about 0.0005% to about0.1% w/v, or about 0.001% to about 0.05%. In embodiments, aprostaglandin or prostaglandin analog may be included in a compositionat an amount of about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%,about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%,about 0.010%, about 0.011%, about 0.012%, about 0.013%, about 0.014%,about 0.015%, about 0.016%, about 0.017%, about 0.018%, about 0.019%,about 0.020%, about 0.021%, about 0.022%, about 0.023%, about 0.024%,about 0.025%, about 0.026%, about 0.027%, about 0.028%, about 0.029%,about 0.030%, about 0.031%, about 0.032%, about 0.033%, about 0.034%,about 0.035%, about 0.036%, about 0.037%, about 0.038%, about 0.039%,about 0.040%, about 0.041%, about 0.042%, about 0.043%, about 0.044%,about 0.045%, about 0.046%, about 0.047%, about 0.048%, about 0.049%, orabout 0.050%.

Additional Components

Compositions of the present disclosure may further include one or morepharmaceutically acceptable excipients. For example, compositions mayinclude additional, pharmaceutically acceptable components such asbuffers, tonicity agents, chelating agents, sugars or sugar alcohols,viscosity enhancers and surfactants.

A buffer may comprise, for example, phosphate buffer, borate buffer,citrate buffer, maleate buffer, tartrate buffer, acetate buffer,tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (TRIS), an amino acid buffer (e.g.,glycine), combination buffers such as borate/phosphate buffer,citrate/phosphate buffer, and the like. In embodiments, a compositionmay include an amount of a buffer that is effective to provide asuitable buffering capacity to a composition. Other components of thecompositions, while having other functions, may also affect the buffercapacity. For example, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), oftenused as a chelating agent, can have an effect on the buffer capacity ofa solution.

Compositions may include one or more tonicity agents, such that thecomposition may be isotonic with body fluids. A tonicity agent can benon-ionic or ionic. Non-ionic tonicity agents include sugars, sugaralcohols and other polyols, diols such as glycerol, mannitol,erythritol, and sugars such as dextrose. Other non-ionic tonicity agentssuch as polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, which also function asco-solvents, can also be used. A tonicity agent can also be an ionicagent such as, for example, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, abalanced salt solution, sodium phosphate, or sodium citrate. Forexample, a non-ionic tonicity agent may be included in a composition atan amount of about 0.10 to about 20%, about 1.0 to about 10%, or about2.0 to about 6.0%. An ionic tonicity agent may be included in acomposition at an amount of about 0.10% to about 2.5%, about 0.25% toabout 2.0%, or about 0.50% to about 1.0% w/v.

Compositions may also include one or more chelating agents orsequestering agents. A wide range of organic acids, amines or compoundswhich include an acid group and an amine function are capable of actingas chelating agents. For example, nitrilotriacetic acid,diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriaceticacid, 1,2-diaminocyclohexane tetraacetic acid, hydroxyethylaminodiaceticacid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its salts, polyphosphates,citric acid and its salts, tartaric acid and its salts, and the like andmixtures thereof, are useful as chelating agents.Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its alkali metal salts, aresuitable chelating agents, such as the disodium salt of EDTA (also knownas disodium edetate). In embodiments, a chelating agent may be includedin a composition at an amount of about 0.001% to about 0.25% w/v, about0.005% to about 0.15% w/v, or about 0.01% to about 0.1% w/v. Inembodiments, a composition may include a chelating agent in an amounteffective to enhance the effectiveness of an antimicrobial componentand/or to complex with metal ions.

Compositions may further include one or more preservatives. Suitablepreservatives include, but are not limited to, sodium bisulfite, sodiumbisulfate, sodium thiosulfate, ascorbate, benzalkonium chloride,benzododecinium bromide, chlorobutanol, thimerosal, phenylmercuricacetate, phenylmercuric borate, phenylmercuric nitrate, parabens such asmethylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben, polyvinyl alcohol, benzylalcohol, phenylethanol, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, polyquaternium-1,and the like and mixtures thereof. In embodiments, a composition mayinclude a preservative in amounts of 0.001 to about 1% or about 0.005 toabout 0.10% w/v. In embodiments, a composition may include apreservative in an amount that is effective to inhibit microbial growthor contamination of the composition.

Compositions may additionally include a surfactant. Surfactants includenon-ionic, anionic, amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants. Exemplarysurfactants include but are not limited to sodium lauryl sulfate,polyethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkylethers, polyoxyethylene stearates (e.g., polyoxyethylene(40) stearatesuch as Myrj™-52), poloxamers, polaxamines, sorbitan fatty acid esters,polyethylene glycols (e.g., PEG-400), polyethoxylated alcohols,polyethoxylated castor oils (e.g., PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, suchas Cremophor® RH 40), docusate sodium, quaternary ammonium compounds,medium and long chain fatty acids, sugar esters of fatty acids andglycerides of fatty acids, lecithin, polysorbate 80, phospholipids andsodium lauryl sulfate. Suitable surfactants include those disclosed inthe C.T.F.A. Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, 1992, pp. 587-592;Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 15th Ed. 1975, pp. 335-337; andMcCutcheon's Volume 1, Emulsifiers & Detergents, 1994, North AmericanEdition, pp. 236-239. Surfactants may be included in compositions atamounts of about 0.01% to about 5%, or about 0.1% to about 2% w/v.

Compositions may also include a viscosity enhancer, which may increasethe resident time of a composition on the ocular surface. Exemplaryviscosity enhancers include but are not limited to water soluble naturalgums, cellulose-derived polymers and the like. Suitable natural gumsinclude guar gum, gum tragacanth and the like. Suitablecellulose-derived viscosity inducing components includecellulose-derived polymers, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose,hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose andthe like. Viscosity enhancers may be included in compositions at amountsof about 0.01% to about 5%, or about 0.1% to about 3% w/v.

Compositions described herein may also include a solvent. Compositionsare typically aqueous, but may also include optional co-solvents.Suitable co-solvents include but are not limited to alcohols such asethanol and isopropanol, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethyleneglycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether,dimethylsulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, castor oil and combinationsthereof. In addition to a compound of formula (I) or (II) aprostaglandin, and other optional components, the balance of acomposition may comprise solvent.

pH

The pH of compositions can affect both stability of the compound andefficacy. For example, higher pH may result in decomposition of acompound of formula (I), while lower pH may be irritating to the eye. Inembodiments the pH may be about 4.0 to about 7.0, or about 5.0 to about6.0. In embodiments, a composition may have a pH of at least about 5.0,at least about 5.5, at least about 6.0, at least about 6.5, at leastabout 7.0, less than about 5.0, less than about 5.5, less than about6.0, less than about 6.5, less than about 7.0, about 5.0, about 5.1,about 5.2, about 5.3, about 5.4, about 5.5, about 5.6, about 5.7, about5.8, about 5.9, or about 6.0.

Composition pH can be adjusted with acid or base, if necessary. Any acidor base compatible with the components of the composition can be used.Exemplary acids include hydrochloric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid,lactic acid, acetic acid, and glycolic acid. Exemplary bases includesodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and triethanolamine.

Methods of Making Compositions

Compositions may be prepared using standard methods. In embodiments,composition components may be combined in water (e.g., purified water)with stirring, followed by pH adjustment to a suitable final pH.Techniques for preparing compositions may generally be found in“Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences”, (Meade Publishing Co., Easton,Pa.).

When preparing compositions, components should be selected to optimizesolubility, stability and compatibility. Compositions should typicallybe sterile and stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage.Compositions may be sterilized by filtering the composition through asterilizing grade filter, such as a filter with a 0.22 micron nominalpore size.

Methods of Evaluating Compositions

Compositions may be evaluated for stability using establishedprocedures. For example, compositions may be subjected to acceleratedstability testing. For example, compositions remain stable, and do notundergo precipitation or become cloudy when they are stored at 40° C.for at least 1 month, 3 months or 6 months prior to evaluation. Theactive component (e.g., a 6- or 7-aminoisoquinoline compound) should notreact with other formulation components, or decompose. Methods ofevaluating such compounds include, for example, high performance liquidchromatography (HPLC) or determination of optical rotation (e.g., todetermine if a compound has racemized).

Compositions may also be evaluated using the Preservative EffectivenessTest of the United States Pharmacopoeia for parenteral/ophthalmicproducts. In such tests, which will be known to those skilled in theart, five indicator organisms are utilized for the purpose ofchallenging the preservative system in a product. Three of the five USPindicator organisms address the growth of bacteria: Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Candida albicans isthe representative yeast, while Aspergillus niger is a mold. A productis inoculated (contaminated) with a number of organisms between1×10⁵(100,000) to 1×10⁶ (1,000,000) colony forming units (CFU) per mL ofproduct. At various intervals, depending on the category, thecomposition is tested to determine its ability to control reproductionor destroy the microorganisms. A logarithmic reduction is evaluated ateach test interval required for the category. By test definition, anygrowth over the allotted amount for any of the indicated microorganismsrenders the preservative in the product not effective. Compositions mayalso be evaluated using the European Pharmacopoeia PreservativeEffectiveness Test, which also evaluates growth of P. aeruginosa, S.aureus, C. albicans and A. niger. The compositions of the presentdisclosure will pass at least one of these preservative effectivenesstests.

Pharmacological activity for glaucoma can be demonstrated using assaysdesigned to test the ability of the subject compounds to decreaseintraocular pressure. Examples of such assays are described in thefollowing paper, incorporated herein by reference: C. Liljebris, G.Selen, B. Resul, J. Sternschantz, and U. Hacksell, “Derivatives of17-Phenyl-18,19,20-trinorprostaglandin F_(2a) Isopropyl Ester: PotentialAnti-glaucoma Agents”, Journal of Medicinal Chemiso, Vol. 38 (2) 1995,pp. 289-304. Further methods are described in the Examples.

Methods of Use

One aspect of the disclosure relates to a method of treating an oculardisorder in a subject in need of treatment, comprising administering tothe subject a safe and effective amount of a composition comprising anisoquinoline compound such as a compound of formula (I), and aprostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog. Another embodiment includes amethod of treating an ocular disorder in a subject in need of treatment,comprising administering to the subject a safe and effective amount of acomposition comprising a compound of formula (II). Another embodiment ofthe disclosure includes a method of reducing intraocular pressurecomprising administering to a subject in need thereof a safe andeffective amount of a composition comprising an isoquinoline compoundsuch as a compound of formula (I), and a prostaglandin or aprostaglandin analog. Another embodiment includes a method of reducingintraocular pressure comprising administering to a subject in needthereof a safe and effective amount of a composition comprising acompound of formula (II).

The compounds of formula (I) and (II) and compositions including themmay have kinase inhibitory activity and are thus useful in influencingor inhibiting the action of kinases, and in treatment and/or preventionof diseases or conditions influenced by kinases. Exemplary kinases thatmay be influenced include, but are not limited to, ROCK-I, ROCK-II, PKA,PKC, CAM Kinases, GRK-2, GRK-3, GRK-5 or GRK-6. In a suitableembodiment, the kinase inhibited is a Rho-associated protein kinase.

In embodiments, the compositions of the present disclosure may betopically administered. Topical compositions that can be applied locallyto the eye may be in any form known in the art, non-limiting examples ofwhich include drops, sprays, ointments, or a sustained or non-sustainedrelease unit placed in the conjunctival cul-du-sac of the eye or anotherappropriate location.

Dosages may be varied based on the patient being treated, the conditionbeing treated, the severity of the condition being treated, the route ofadministration, etc. to achieve the desired effect.

Administration of a compound or a composition described herein mayresult in a decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) of at least about 3.0mmHg, at least about 3.5 mmHg, at least about 4.0 mmHg, at least about4.5 mmHg, at least about 5.0 mmHg, at least about 5.5 mmHg, at leastabout 6.0 mmHg, at least about 6.5 mmHg, at least about 7.0 mmHg, atleast about 7.5 mmHg, at least about 8.0 mmHg, at least about 8.5 mmHg,at least about 9.0 mmHg, at least about 9.5 mmHg, at least about 10.0mmHg, about 3.0 mmHg, about 3.5 mmHg, about 4.0 mmHg, about 4.5 mmHg,about 5.0 mmHg, about 5.5 mmHg, about 6.0 mmHg, about 6.5 mmHg, about7.0 mmHg, about 7.5 mmHg, about 8.0 mmHg, about 8.5 mmHg, about 9.0mmHg, about 9.5 mmHg, or about 10.0 mmHg. In some embodiments,administration of a composition comprising a compound of formula (I) anda prostaglandin or prostaglandin analog may reduce intraocular pressuremore than either single compound alone, or more than intraocularpressure is reduced when both compounds are administered to a subject inseparate compositions.

The following examples are intended to be illustrative, and should beconsidered to be non-limiting.

EXAMPLES Example 1 Formulations with Travoprost

Topical pharmaceutical compositions for lowering intraocular pressurewere prepared by conventional methods and formulated as follows:

1 2 3 4 Formulation (% w/w) (% w/w) (% w/w) (% w/w)(rac)-2-(dimethylamino)- 0.5 0.5 0.25 0.5 N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl) acetamide hydrochloride Travoprost 0.004 0.0040.004  0.004 Boric acid 0.05 0.05 0.05  0.05 D-mannitol 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0Benzalkonium chloride 0.015 0.015 0.015 — Polyoxyl 40 stearate 0.5 — 0.50.5 (Myrj-52) Cremophor RH 40 — 0.5 — — Polyethylene glycol 2.5 2.5 2.52.5 400 (PEG-400) EDTA 0.01 0.01 0.01  0.01 Purified water q.s. q.s.q.s. q.s.

Formulations 1-3 were prepared by adding boric acid, D-mannitol,PEG-400, EDTA, and Myrj-52 or Cremophor RH40 in a labeled 150-milliliter(mL) plastic container. 100 milliliters (mL) of purified water were thenadded to bring the solution almost to 100%. The solution was stirred for10 minutes. Stock solutions of 1.5% benzalkonium chloride, 0.4%travoprost, and (rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide hydrochloride were thenadded and dissolved by stirring the solution for another 10 minutes, andthe pH was adjusted to approximately 5.5.

Formulation 4 was prepared by adding boric acid, D-mannitol, PEG-400,EDTA, and Myrj-52 or Cremophor RH40 in a labeled 150-mL plasticcontainer. 100 mL purified water was then added to bring the solutionalmost to 100%. The solution was stirred for 10 minutes.(R)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamidehydrochloride and travoprost were then added and dissolved by stirringthe solution for another 10 minutes, and the pH was adjusted toapproximately 5.5.

Formulation 1 passed the requirements of the United States PharmacopoeiaPreservative Effectiveness Test for parenteral/ophthalmic products(USP), the European Pharmacopoeia Preservative Effectiveness Test (EP-A)and the European Pharmacopoeia Preservative Effectiveness Test (EP-B).

Example 2 Formulations with Latanoprost

Topical pharmaceutical compositions for lowering intraocular pressurewere prepared by conventional methods and formulated as follows:

5 6 Formulation (% w/w) (% w/w) (rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxy-0.5 0.7 isoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3- yl)acetamide hydrochlorideLatanoprost 0.005 0.005 Sodium Phosphate Monobasic 0.031 0.0155 SodiumPhosphate Dibasic 0.07 0.0035 Benzalkonium chloride 0.015 0.015 sodiumchloride 0.7 0.7 EDTA 0.05 0.05 Purified water q.s. q.s.

Formulations 5 and 6 were prepared by adding sodium phosphate monobasic,sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium chloride, and EDTA in a labeled150-milliliter (mL) plastic storage container. 100 milliliter (mL) ofpurified water was then added to bring the solution almost to 100%. Thesolution was stirred for 10 minutes. Stock solutions of 1.5%benzalkonium chloride, and 0.5% latanoprost, and(rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamidehydrochloride were then added and dissolved by stirring the solution foranother 10 minutes, and the pH was adjusted to approximately 5.5.

7 8 Formulation (% w/w) (% w/w) (rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxy-0.5 0.7 isoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3- yl)acetamide hydrochlorideLatanoprost 0.005 0.005 Boric acid 0.05 0.05 D-mannitol 4.3 4.0Benzalkonium chloride 0.015 0.015 EDTA 0.01 0.01 Purified water q.s.q.s.

Formulations 7 and 8 were prepared by adding boric acid, D-mannitol, andEDTA in a labeled 150-milliliter (mL) plastic container. 100 milliliter(mL) of purified water was then added to bring the solution almost to100%. The solution was stirred for 10 minutes. Stock solutions of 1.5%benzalkonium chloride, 0.5% travoprost, and(rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamidehydrochloride were then added and dissolved by stirring the solution foranother 10 minutes, and the pH was adjusted to approximately 5.5.

Example 3 Formulations with Bimatoprost

Topical pharmaceutical compositions for lowering intraocular pressurewere prepared by conventional methods and formulated as follows:

9 10 11 Formulation (% w/w) (% w/w) (% w/w)(rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1- 0.5 0.5  0.5 hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl) acetamide hydrochloride Bimatoprost 0.03 0.01 0.03Boric acid — — 0.05 D-mannitol — — 4.3 Sodium Phosphate Monobasic 0.310.31 — Sodium Phosphate Dibasic 0.07 0.07 — Benzalkonium chloride 0.00750.02 — Sodium chloride 0.7 0.7  — EDTA 0.05 0.05 — Purified water q.s.q.s. q.s.

Formulations 9 and 10 were prepared by adding sodium phosphatemonobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium chloride, and EDTA in alabeled 150-milliliter (mL) plastic storage container. 100 milliliter(mL) of purified water was then added to bring the solution almost to100%. The solution was stirred for 10 minutes. 1.5% stock solution ofbenzalkonium chloride, bimatoprost, and(rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetarnidehydrochloride were then added and dissolved by stirring the solution foranother 10 minutes, and the pH was adjusted to approximately 5.5.

Formulation 11 was prepared by adding boric acid and D-mannitol in alabeled 150-milliliter (mL) plastic storage container. 100 milliliter(mL) of purified water was then added to bring the solution almost to100%. The solution was stirred for 10 minutes. Bimatoprost and(rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamidehydrochloride were then added and dissolved by stirring the solution foranother 10 minutes, and the pH was adjusted to approximately 5.5.

Example 4 Exemplary Combination Treatment

Formosan Rock monkeys (Macaca cyclopis), animal identificationconsisting of uniquely numbered tattoos and color-coded cage cards wereused in this study. On Study Day 1, the animals were at least four yearsold, and weighed at least 4 kg. The ocular hypotensive efficacy andtolerability were determined using a paired study design in whichcomposition was administered q.d. AM for three days to one eye of eachmonkey (n=6 per group) with the untreated contralateral eye serving asan internal control. Each dose was administered just after the t=0,t=24, and t=48 hour measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP wastaken in both eyes at time points of 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, 52, 56, and 72hours after baseline (t=0) IOP measurement. Mortality observations,clinical observations, ocular irritation, and intraocular pressures weremonitored, recorded, or measured throughout the in-life portion of thestudy. All treatments were administered as eye drops (one drop per eye).Each animal was sedated intramuscularly (IM) with approximately 5 mg/kgketamine HCl (or to effect) with the objective of using the minimal dosenecessary to achieve acceptable sedation to perform the IOP measurementand dosing procedure. A Model 30 Classic™ pneumatonometer was used tomeasure intraocular pressure (IOP) non-invasively (Reichert, Inc, Depew,N.Y.). One drop of ocular anaesthetic (0.5% proparacaine) was topicallyapplied to each eye and allowed to take effect for at least 30 secondsprior to each IOP) measurement. Using the pneumatonometer manualtonometry mode, and with the animal maintained in an upright position, 3independent measurements were obtained and averaged for each eye, at alltime points.

Three Rho Kinase inhibitor (ROCKi) formulations were prepared bydissolving 0.5% ROCKi (roc)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxylsoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acctamide hydrochloride directly inthe commercially-used formulations of 0.004% travoprost (Travatan® Z),0.005% latanoprost (Xalatan) and 0.01% bimatoprost (Lumigan), withadjustment of the final pH to 5.5. When tested according to the aboveprotocol, significant IOP reductions were observed for each combinationabove what the components would do individually. Results are illustratedgraphically in FIG. 1. (Data for individual compounds are not shown forclarity.)

Example 5 Synergistic Combination Treatment

Topical pharmaceutical compositions for lowering intraocular pressurewere prepared by conventional methods and formulated as follows:

Formulation 12 13 (S)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6- 0.02 0.02ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl 2,4-dimethylbenzoate Travoprost — 0.004Boric acid 0.05 0.05 D-mannitol 4.7  3.5 Benzalkonium chloride  0.0150.015 Polyoxyl 40 stearate (Myrj-52) — 0.5 Polyethylene glycol 400(PEG-400) — 2.5 EDTA — 0.01 Purified water q.s. q.s.

Formulation 12 was prepared by adding boric acid, D-mannitol, and EDTAin a labeled 150-mL plastic container. 100 mL purified water was thenadded to bring the solution almost to 100%. The solution was stirred for10 minutes. Stock solution of 5% benzalkonium chloride and(S)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl2,4-dimethylbenzoate were then added and dissolved by stirring thesolution for another 10 minutes, and the pH was adjusted toapproximately 5.0.

Formulation 13 was prepared by adding boric acid, D-mannitol, PEG-400,EDTA, and Myrj-52 in a labeled 150-mL plastic container. 100 mL purifiedwater was then added to bring the solution almost to 100%. The solutionwas stirred for 10 minutes. Stock solutions of 1.5% benzalkoniumchloride, 0.4% travoprost, and ROCKi(S)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl2,4-dimethylbenzoate were then added and dissolved by stirring thesolution for another 10 minutes, and the pH was adjusted toapproximately 5.0.

For certain topical ophthalmic glaucoma medications, fixed-doseformulations containing mixtures of two compounds have proven to be lesseffective than concomitant administration of the separate compounds.Using the protocol as described in Example 4, above, an experiment wasconducted to see if administering an admixture of a ROCKi and travoprost(Formulation 13) was less effective than concomitant administration ofthe separate compounds. Surprisingly, not only was there no loss ofefficacy with Formulation 13, dosing with the admixture resulted in asubstantially better IOP response than concomitant dosing of the twoseparate compounds (Formulation 12 and Travatan Z). Results areillustrated graphically in FIG. 2.

Example 6 Combination Treatment in Humans

A sterile, isotonic, aqueous solution was prepared, containing(rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamidehydrochloride and travoprost at concentrations of 0.5% and 0.004%,respectively, and the following excipients: Boric Acid (NF), Mannitol(USP), Polyethylene glycol 400 (USP), Polyoxyl 40 Stearate (NF), EdetateDisodium (USP), Water for Injection (USP), and benzalkonium chloride(NF) 0.015% as a preservative. The product may be adjusted with NaOH(USP) and/or HCL (USP) to pH 5.2-5.9.

Using the formulation above, a human diagnosed with elevated intraocularpressure (IOP) was treated once daily with approximately 35 microliterdrop(s) in both eyes for up to 28 days. Following this dosing regimen, ameasurement of IOP showed a significant reduction from baseline.

Example 7 Synthesis of ROCKi—Latanoprost Conjugate

Preparation of (Z)-methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpenly)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(2).

To Latanoprost free acid in MeOH at 0° C. was added TMS-CH₂N₂ until thesolution persisted a yellow color. AcOH (2 drops) were added to quenchexcess TMS-CH₂N₂ and the solvents were evaporated. Column chromatography70%-100% EtOAc/Hexanes gave pure (z)-methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(2).

Preparation of (Z)-methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-5-phenyl-3-(triisopropylsilyloxy)pentyl)-3,5-bis(triisopropylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(3).

To (Z)-methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(2) in CH₂Cl₂ cooled to 0° C. was added 2,6-lutidine and TIPS-OTf andsolution was stirred for 30 min at 0° C. and then stirred for 2.5 hoursat room temperature. The solution was poured into EtOAc andNH₄Cl(sat)/HCl (1 N) (3:1) and further extracted with EtOAc. Theorganics were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 10% EtOAc/Hexanes gave (Z)-methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-5-phenyl-3-(triisopropylsilyloxy)pentyl)-3,5-bis(triisopropylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(3).

Preparation of(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-5-phenyl-3-(triisopropylsilyloxy)pentyl)-3,5-bis(triisopropylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoicacid (4).

To 3 in THF/MeOH/H₂O was added LiOH*H₂O and the solution was stirredovernight at room temperature. The solution was poured into EtOAc andNH₄Cl(sat)/HCl (1 N) (3:1) and further extracted with EtOAc. Theorganics were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated to give(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5)-2-((R)-5-phenyl-3-(triisopropylsilyloxy)pentyl)-3,5-bis(triisopropylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoicacid (4).

Preparation of(Z)-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-5-phenyl-3-(triisopropylsilyloxy)pentyl)-3,5-bis(triisopropylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(5)

To 4 in pyridine was added tert-butyl2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-3-oxopropylcarbamate,EDC, and DMAP and the solution was flushed with Argon, capped andstirred overnight. The mixture as poured into NaHCO₃(sat) and extractedwith EtOAc, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 4% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ and then 50% EtOAc/Hexanes gave pure(Z)-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-5-phenyl-3-(triisopropylsilyloxy)pentyl)-3,5-bis(triisopropylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(5).

Preparation of(Z)-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(6).

To 5 in THF cooled to 0° C. was added TBAF and the solution was stirred5 min at 0° C. and 12 h at room temperature. The mixture was poured intoNH₄Cl(sat)-EtOAc and extracted with EtOAc, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered andevaporated. Column chromatography 5-8% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ gave pure(Z)-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(6).

Preparation of(Z)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopetityl)hept-5-enoatedihydrochloride (7).

To 6 in CH₂Cl₂ was added HCl (4N in dioxane) and the solution wasstirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The solvents were evaporated togive (Z)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R)-3-hydroxy-5-phenylpentyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoatedi hydrochloride (7).

Example 8 Synthesis of ROCKi—Fluprostenol Conjugate

Preparation of (Z)-methyl7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydrary-2-(R,E)-3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(9).

To fluprostenol in MeOH at 0° C. was added TMS-CH₂N₂ until the solutionpersisted a yellow color. AcOH (2 drops) were added to quench excessTMS-CH₂N₂ and the solvents were evaporated. Column chromatography90%-100% EtOAc/Hexanes gave pure (Z)-methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R,E)-3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(9).

Preparation of (Z)-methyl7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-((R,E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenory)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(10).

To (Z)-methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(R,E)-3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(9) in CH₂Cl₂ cooled to 0° C. was added 2,6-lutidine and TBS-OTf andsolution was stirred for 30 min at 0° C. and then stirred for 12 hoursat room temperature. The solution was poured into EtOAc andNH₄Cl(sat)/HCl (1 N) (3:1) and further extracted with EtOAc. Theorganics were dried (Na₂SO₄),filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 10% EtOAc/Hexanes gave (Z)-methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(R,E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(10).

Preparation of(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-bis(tert-hutyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(R,E)-3-(tert-bulyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoicacid (11).

To 10 in THF/MeOH/H₂O was added LiOH*H₂O and the solution was stirredovernight at room temperature. The solution was poured into EtOAc andNH₄Cl (sat)/HCl (1 N) (3:1) and further extracted with EtOAc. Theorganics were dried (Na₂SO₄),filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 10% EtOAc/Hexanes 1.5% AcOH gave pure(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(R,E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoicacid (11).

Preparation of(Z)-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-(R,E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(12).

To 11 in pyridine was added tert-butyl2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-3-oxopropylcarbamate,EDC, and DMAP and the solution was flushed with Argon, capped andstirred overnight. The mixture as poured into NaHCO₃(sat) and extractedwith EtOAc, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 4% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ gave pure(Z)-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R, 3R,5S)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-2-((R,E)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(12).

Preparation of(Z)-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(R,E)-3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(13).

To 12 in THF cooled to 0° C. was added TBAF and the solution was stirred5 min at 0° C. and 12 h at room temperature. The mixture was poured intoNH₄Cl (sat)-EtOAc and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was thenwashed with NH₄Cl (sat),dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 5-10% MeO H/CH₂Cl₂ gave pure(Z)-4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R,E)-3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoate(13).

Preparation of(Z)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R,E)-3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoatedihydrochloride (14).

To 13 in CH₂Cl₂ was added HCl (4N in dioxane) and the solution wasstirred for 2 hours at room temperature. The solvents were evaporatedand column chromatography 10-20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ gave pure(Z)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((R,E)-3-hydroxy-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)but-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoatedihydrochloride (14).

Example 9 Synthesis of ROCKi—AR-102 Free Acid Conjugate

Preparation methyl7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-(R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)heplanoate(16).

To AR-102 free acid (15) in MeOH at 0° C. was added TMS-CH₂N₂ until thesolution persisted a yellow color. AcOH (2 drops) were added to quenchexcess TMS-CH₂N₂ and the solvents were evaporated. Column chromatography90%-100% EtOAc/Hexanes gave pure methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-(R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)heptanoate(16).

Preparation of methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-3-(benzo[b]ihiophen-2-yl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propyl)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)heptaitoate(17).

To (methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)heptanoate(16) in CH₂Cl₂ cooled to 0° C. was added 2,6-lutidine and TBS-OTf andsolution was stirred for 30 min at 0° C. and then stirred for 12 hoursat room temperature. The solution was poured into EtOAc andNH₄Cl(sat)/HCl (1 N) (3:1) and further extracted with EtOAc. Theorganics were dried (Na₂SO₄),filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 10% EtOAc/Hexanes gave methyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propyl)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclopentypheptanoate(17).

Preparation of7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((1R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propyl)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)heptanoicacid (18).

To 17 in THF/MeOH/H₂O was added LiOH*H₂O and the solution was stirredovernight at room temperature. The solution was poured into EtOAc andNH₄Cl(sat)/HCl (1 N) (3:1) and further extracted with EtOAc. Theorganics were dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 10% EtOAc/Hexanes 1.5% AcOH gave pure7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-24(R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propyl)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)heptanoicacid (18).

Preparation of4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propyl)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilylory)cyclopentyl)heptanoate(19).

To 18 in pyridine was added tert-butyl2-(4-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)-3-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-3-oxopropylcarbamate,EDC, and DMAP and the solution was flushed with Argon, capped andstirred overnight. The mixture as poured into NaHCO₃(sat) and extractedwith EtOAc, dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 4% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ gave pure4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-(R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)propyl)-3,5-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclopentyl)heptanoate(19).

Preparation of give pure4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)heptanoate(20).

To 19 in THF cooled to 0° C. was added TBAF and the solution was stirred5 min at 0° C. and 12 h at room temperature. The mixture was poured intoNH₄Cl (sat)-EtOAc and extracted with EtOAc. The EtOAc layer was thenwashed with NH₄Cl(sat), dried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. Columnchromatography 5-10% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ gave pure4-(3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)heptanoate(20).

Preparation of4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)heptanoate(21).

To 20 in CH₂Cl₂ was added 2,6 lutidine (11 eq) and TMS-OTF (11 eq) andthe solution was stirred for 40 min at room temperature. The mixture waspoured into NaHCO₃ (sat) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organics weredried (Na₂SO₄), filtered and evaporated. To the crude mixture was addedTHF and TBAF (1 eq) and the solution was stirred at room temperature for15 min. The mixture was poured into NaHCO₃ (sat) and extracted withCH₂Cl₂, dried (Na₂SO₄) filtered and evaporated. Column chromatography20% MeOH/CH₂Cl₂ gave pure4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-((R)-3-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-3-hydroxypropyl)-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl)heptanoate(21).

Example 10 ROCKi—Prostaglandin Salts

Preparation of the salt of2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamideand(Z)-7-((1R,2R,3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-((S,E)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl)cyclopentyl)hept-5-enoicacid (PGF2α) (23).

To 22 in MeOH was added PGF2_(α) and the solution was heated to 70° C.to dissolve. The solvents were evaporated to give salt 23.

Salts 24 and 25 were prepared similarly to salt 23. Salt 27 was preparedfrom 26 following the same method, but without heat.

While the disclosure has been described in detail and with reference tospecific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in theart that various changes and modifications can be made without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the disclosure.

1. A composition comprising: a) a compound according to formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R₁ and R₂ areindependently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to whichthey are attached to form a ring of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 member atoms; Ais selected from the group consisting of —CH2NH—, —CH(R₁₀)—,—C(CH₃)(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH(R₁₀)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH(R₁₀)—,and —C(CH₃)(R₁₀)CH₂—; each R₁₀ is independently selected from the groupconsisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl, heteroaryl,cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, any of which may be optionallysubstituted; and X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from the groupconsisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro, cyano,carbonyl, carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido,thioalkyl, and carboxyl; and b) a prostaglandin or a prostaglandinanalog.
 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein X₁ is hydrogen and X₂ isa hydroxy group.
 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein A is —CH(R₁₀)—,and R₁₀ is an optionally substituted aryl group or an optionallysubstituted heteroaryl group.
 4. The composition of claim 3, wherein R₁₀is an unsubstituted monocyclic heteroaryl group.
 5. The composition ofclaim 4, wherein R₁₀ is an unsubstituted thienyl group.
 6. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein R₁ and R₂ are each independentlyselected from hydrogen and C₁-C₄ alkyl.
 7. The composition of claim 1,wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the groupconsisting of(rac)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide,(R)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamideand(S)-2-(dimethylamino)-N-(1-hydroxyisoquinolin-6-yl)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)acetamide,and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof
 8. The composition ofclaim 1, wherein X₁ is hydrogen and X₂ is hydrogen.
 9. The compositionof claim 8, wherein —CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, and R₁₀ is a substituted aryl group.10. The composition of claim 9, wherein R₁₀ is a substituted phenylgroup.
 11. The composition of claim 10, wherein R₁₀ is phenylsubstituted with —CH₂—OC(O)—R^(a), wherein R^(a) is optionallysubstituted aryl group.
 12. The composition of claim 11, wherein R^(a)is 2,4-dimethylphenyl.
 13. The composition of claim 8, wherein thecompound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of(rac)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl2,4-dimethyl benzoate,(R)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl2,4-dimethylbenzoate and(S)-4-(3-amino-1-(isoquinolin-6-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)benzyl2,4-dimethylbenzoate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof 14.The composition of any of claim 1, wherein the prostaglandin orprostaglandin analog is selected from the group consisting oflatanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, AR-102, cloprostenol,latanoprostene bunod, unoprostone, PGF_(2a) and fluprostenol.
 15. Thecomposition of claim 1, further comprising at least one componentselected from a buffer, a chelating agent, a tonicity agent, apreservative, a viscosity enhancer, a sugar or a sugar alcohol, and asurfactant.
 16. A compound according to formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: Y is selectedfrom the group consisting of alkylene, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, andheterocyclyl, any of which may be optionally substituted; B is selectedfrom the group consisting of —NR₁R₂, —CH₂NR₁R₂, —CH(R₁₀)R₂, —CCH₃(R₁₀)R₂, —NHCH(R₁₀)R₂, —N(CH₃)R₂, —CH₂CH₂R₂, —CH(R₁₀)CH₂R₂, and—CH₂CH(R₁₀)R₂; R₁, R₂ and R₁₀ are each independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl,heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and heterocycloalkyl, any of which may beoptionally substituted; X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro,cyano, carbonyl, carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido,thioalkyl, and carboxyl; and PG is the acyl radical of a prostaglandinor a prostaglandin analog. 17-21. (canceled)
 22. A compound of formula(III):

wherein: R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from the group consistingof hydrogen and C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R₁ and R₂ are taken together with thenitrogen atom to which they are attached to form a ring of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7or 8 member atoms; A is selected from the group consisting of —CH2NH—,—CH(R₁₀)—, —C(CH₃)(R₁₀)—, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH(R₁₀)CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH(R₁₀)—,—CH₂CH(R₁₀)—, and —C(CH₃)(R₁₀)CH₂—; each R₁₀ is independently selectedfrom the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, amino, aryl,heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl, any of which may beoptionally substituted; X₁ and X₂ are independently selected from thegroup consisting of hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, alkyl, amino, nitro,cyano, carbonyl, carbonylamino, alkoxy, aryloxy, sulfonyl, sulfonamido,thioalkyl, and carboxyl; and PG⊖ is a deprotonated free acid of aprostaglandin or a prostaglandin analog. 23-45. (canceled)
 46. A methodof influencing the action of a kinase in a subject, comprisingadministering to the subject a compound of claim 1, wherein the kinaseis ROCK-I, ROCK-II, PKA, PKC, a CAM kinase, GRK-2, GRK-3, GRK-5, GRK-6,or a combination thereof.
 47. A method of influencing the action of akinase in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a compoundof claim 16, wherein the kinase is ROCK-I, ROCK-II, PKA, PKC, a CAMkinase, GRK-2, GRK-3, GRK-5, GRK-6, or a combination thereof.
 48. Amethod of influencing the action of a kinase in a subject, comprisingadministering to the subject a compound of claim 22, wherein the kinaseis ROCK-I, ROCK-II, PKA, PKC, a CAM kinase, GRK-2, GRK-3, GRK-5, GRK-6,or a combination thereof.